Demonstrative Pronoun

Personal Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun

Intensive Pronoun

「The same」 

Reflexive Possessive Pronoun

Relative Pronoun

Interrogative Pronoun

 

 

 

 

古拉丁文

Basic Vocabulary and Pattern – Pronoun
                                                               
                                                                                         


 

Demonstrative Pronoun ( ille 的詞尾變化 pattern)

ille, illa, illud

that, the former, the famous

illi, illae, illa

those

hic, haec, hoc

this, the latter

hi, hae, haec

these

iste, ista, istud

that, that of yours, such

isti, istae, ista

those, those of yours, such

is, ea, id

he/she/it/ this/that man/woman/thing

eī (iī), eae, ea

they, these/those men/women/things

ī-dem, ea-dem, i-dem

the same man/woman/thing

eī-dem,eae-dem,ea-dem

the same men/women/things

 

 

Personal Pronoun 

1s

ego

meī

mihi

I

of me

to/for me

me

by/with/from me

2s

tuī

tibi

you

of you

to/for you

you

by/with/from you

1pl

nōs

nostrum/nostri

nōbis

nōs

nōbīs

we

of us

to/for us

us

by/with/from us

2pl

vōs

vēstrum/vestri

vōbīs

vōs

vōbīs

you

of you

to/for you

you

by/with/from you

3s/m

is

eius

eum

he, this/that man

his

to/for him  / (後面省略)

3s/f

ea

eius

eam

she, this/that woman

her

to/for her  / (後面省略)

3s/n

id

eius

id

it, this/that thing

its

to/for it   / (後面省略)

3pl/m

eī (iī)

eōrum

eīs

eōs

eīs

they, these/those men

their

to/for them / (後面省略)

3pl/f

eae

eārum

eas

eās

eīs

these/those women

their

to/for them / (後面省略)

3pl/n

ea

eōrum

eīs

ea

eīs

these/those  things

their

to/for them / (後面省略)

 

 

Reflexive Pronoun

1s

---

meī *

mihi

---

of myself

to/for myself

myself

by/with/from myself

2s

---

tuī *

tibi

---

of yourself

to/for yourself

yourself

by/with/from yours-

1pl

---

nostri *

nōbis

nōs

nōbīs

---

of ourselves

to/for us

ourselves

by/with/from oursel-

2pl

---

vestri *

vōbīs

vōs

vōbīs

---

of yourselves

to/for yourselves

yourselves

by/with/from yours--

3s

---

suī **

sibi

---

of himself / herself / itself / (後面省略)

3pl

---

suī **

sibi

---

of themselves  (後面省略)

       *「反身代名詞」第1,2人稱字形與「人稱代名詞」第1,2人稱字形相同, 須由 context 判斷是指何者

       ** 第三人稱單、複數字形相同, 須由 context 判斷是「單數」或「複數」

 

 

Intensive Pronoun  ( ille 的詞尾變化 pattern)

s/m

ips-e

ips-īus

ips-ī

ips-sum

ips-ō

myself, yourself, himself (指涉對象為s/m)

s/f

ips-a

ips-īus

ips-ī

ips-sam

ips-ā

myself, yourself, herself (指涉對象為s/f)

s/n

ips-um

ips-īus

ips-ī

ips-sum

ips-ō

myself, yourself, itself (指涉對象為s/n)

pl/m

ips-ī

ips-ōrum

ips-īs

ips-ōs

ips-īs

themselves (指涉對象為pl/m) 

pl/f

ips-ae

ips-ārum

ips-īs

ips-ās

ips-īs

themselves (指涉對象為pl/f)

pl/n

ips-a

ips-ōrum

ips-īs

ips-a

ips-īs

themselves (指涉對象為pl/n)


 

 

Demonstrative Pronoun 「The same」 (用第三人稱代名詞「is, ea, id」當字首 +-dem」做 Ending)

3s/m

ī-dem

eius-dem

eī-dem

eun-dem *

eō-dem

the same man

3s/f

ea-dem

eius-dem

eī-dem

ean-dem

eā-dem

the same woman

3s/n

i-dem

eius-dem

eī-dem

i-dem

eō-dem

the same thing

3pl/m

eī-dem

eōrun-dem *

eīs-dem

eōs-dem

eīs-dem

the same men

3pl/f

eae-dem

eārun-dem

eas-dem

eās-dem

eas-dem

the same women

3pl/n

ea-dem

eōrun-dem

eīs-dem

ea-dem

eīs-dem

the same things

             * 原本 s/Acc 的「-um」與 pl/Gen 的「-rum」結尾,因為後面還有字,原本「m」要轉變為「n

 

 

 

Possessive Pronominal Adjectives

1s

meus, mea, meum

my

2s

tuua, tua, tum

your (S.)

1pl

noster, nostra, nostrum

our

2pl

vester, verstra, vertrum

your (Pl.)

3pl

eius, eius, eius

his, her, its

3pl

eōrum, eārum, eōrum

their

Reflexive Possessive Pronoun

1s

meus, mea, meum *

my (own)  (與所有格同字)

2s

tuua, tua, tum *

your (own) (與所有格同字)

1pl

noster, nostra, nostrum *

our (own)  (與所有格同字)

2pl

vester, verstra, vertrum *

your (own) (與所有格同字)

3s/m

suus, -ī 

his, her, its, their (own) + 單數陽性 **

3s/f

sua, -ae 

his, her, its, their (own) + 單數陰性

3s/n

suum, -ī 

his, her, its, their (own) + 單數中性

3pl/m

sui, -ōrum

his, her, its, their (own) + 複數陽性 

3pl/f

suae, -ārum

his, her, its, their (own) + 複數陰性

3pl/n

sua, -ōrum

his, her, its, their (own) + 複數中性

          *「反身所有格」第1,2人稱字形與「所有格」第1,2人稱字形相同, 須由context判斷是指何者

          **「反身所有格」第三人稱乃是當Adj,因此其 Gender, Number, Case需與其所修飾的詞一致。但在翻譯時, 須從句子主詞來判斷要用his, her, its, or their (own),因翻譯成英文時是要與所反映的主詞一致 (: they are seeing their own father = suos fatrem vident,在拉丁句中因 suo要與 fatrem一致因而要用單數Acc.,但翻英文時,卻要將單數的suo翻成複數的their)

 


 

Relative Pronoun (quī / quae / quod)   (ille的詞尾變化pattern,pl/Dav,Abl例外)

s/m

qū-i

cu-ius

cu-i

qu-em

qu-o

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)

s/f

qu-ae

cu-ius

cu-i

qu-am

qu-a

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)

s/n

qu-od

cu-ius

cu-i

qu-od

qu-o

which, what, that

pl/m

qū-i

qu-ōrum

qu-ibus *

qu-ōs

qu-ibus

who, whose (Gen.) to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)

pl/f

qu-ae

qu-ārum

qu-ibus

qu-ās

qu-ibus

who, whose (Gen.) to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)

pl/n

qu-ae

qu-ōrum

qu-ibus

qu-ōs

qu-ibus

which, what, that

              * 關係代名詞 quī / quae / quodpl/Dav,Ablqu-ibus, 而不是qu-is


 

 

Interrogative Pronoun (quīs / quid)  (s/Nom,其餘皆與關係代名詞相同)

s/ m+f

qū-is

cu-ius

cu-i

qu-em

qu-o

who, whose, whom

s/ n

qu-id

cu-ius

cu-i

qu-od

qu-o

which, what, that

pl/m+f

qū-i

qu-ōrum

qu-ibus *

qu-ōs

qu-ibus

who, whose, whom

pl/ n

qu-ae

qu-ōrum

qu-ibus

qu-ōs

qu-ibus

which, what, that

 


 

疑問代名詞

quod

what

-ne

問句強調字

quandō

when

ubi

when, where

 

 

其他代名詞

quisque /quisdue

each one/person/thing

cuiuque (Gen.)

of each one/thing

cuique  (Dat.)

to/for each one/thing

 

 


Pronoun
字彙整理

aliquis, alicuius, alicui, aliqum, aliquo

aliquī, aliqōrum, aliqibus, aliquōs, aliquibus

someone, somedoby (m/f同形)

some ones

aliquid, alicuius, alicui, aliqis, aliquo

aliqua, aliqōrum, aliqibus, aliqua, aliqibus

something

some things

ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē

I, my, me

hic, haec, hoc

hi, hae, haec

this, the latter

these

ī-dem, ea-dem, i-dem

eī-dem,eae-dem,ea-dem

the same man/woman/thing

the same men/women/things

ille, illa, illud

illi, illae, illa

that, the former, the famous

those

is, ea, id

eī/iī, eae, ea

he/she/it, this/that man/woman/thing

they, these/those men/women thing

iste, ista, istud

isti, istae, ista

that, that of yours, such

those, those of yours, such

ips-e, ips-a, ips-um  (特別強調代名詞)

ips-ī, ips-ae, ips-a 

myself, yourself, himself, itself (指涉對象為s/m,f,n)

themselves (指涉對象為pl/m, f, n)

----, meī, mihi, mē, mē  (反身代名詞)

of myself, to/for myself, myself, by/with/from myself

nōs, nostrum/nostril, nōbis, nōs, nōbīs

we, our, us

qūi, quae, quod  (關係代名詞)

qūi, quae, quae 

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom, which, what, that

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom, which, what, that

qūis, quid   (疑問代名詞; m/f同形)

qūi, quae   

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom, which, what, that

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom, which, what, that

quisquis, cuiscuis, cuicui, quemquem, quōquō

quīquī, quōrumquorum, quibusquibus, (省略)

(s) whoever

(pl) whoever

quidquid, cuiscuis, cuicui, quidquid, quōquō

quaequae, quōrumquorum, quibusquibus, (省略)

(s) whatever

(pl) whatever

----, suī, sibi, sē, sē  (反身代名詞)

----, suī, sibi, sē, sē 

(s) of himself / herself / itself / (後面省略)

(pl) of themselves  (後面省略)

tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē

(s) you, your, you

vōs, vēstrum/vestry, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs

(pl) you, your, you

----, tuī, tibi, tē, tē  (反身代名詞)

----, vēstrum/vestry, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs,

(s) of yourself, to/for yourself, by/with/from yourself

(pl) of yourselves, to/for yourselves, by/with yourselves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
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by 魏連嶽