1. Present Active System

2. Perfect Active System

3. Passive System

4. Infinitive System

5. Imperative System

6. Participle System

 

 

 

 

拉丁文

Verb & Participle 動詞及分詞詞尾變化

 


 

1. Present Active System

Present Active Indicative  (1st Principle Part)  (I praise / I am praising)

1st (laudō)

 

2nd (moneō)

 

3rd (agō)

 

3.5 (capiō)

 

4th (audiō)

laud-ō,-āre,-āvī,ātum

mon-ēo,-ēre,-uī,-itum

agō, agere, egī, actum

cap-iō,-ere,cēpi,captum

aud-iō,-īre,īvī,-ītum

1s

 

laudō

 

monēō

 

agō

 

capi-ō

 

audi-ō

2s

 

laudā-s

 

monē-s

 

ag-i-s

 

capi-s

 

audī-s

3s

 

lauda-t

 

mone-t

 

ag-i-t

 

capi-t

 

audi-t

1pl

 

laudā-mus

 

monē-mus

 

ag-i-mus

 

capi-mus

 

audī-mus

2pl

 

laudā-tis

 

monē-tis

 

ag-i-tis

 

capi-tis

 

audī-tis

3pl

 

lauda-nt 

 

mone-nt 

 

ag-u-nt

 

capi-unt

 

audi-unt

 

Future Active Indicative  (1st Principle Part)  (I will praise)
 

1st (laudō)

 

2nd (moneō)

 

3rd (agō)

 

3.5 (capiō)

 

4th (audiō)

1s

 

laudā-bō

 

monē-bō

 

ag-am *

 

capi-am *

 

audi-am *

2s

 

laudā-bi-s

 

monē-bi-s

 

ag-ē-s

 

capi-ē-s

 

audī-ē-s

3s

 

lauda-bi-t

 

mone-bi-t

 

ag-e-t

 

capi-e-t

 

audi-e-t

1pl

 

laudā-bi-mus

 

monē-bi-mus

 

ag-ē-mus

 

capi-ē-mus

 

audī-ē-mus

2pl

 

laudā-bi-tis

 

monē-bi-tis

 

ag-ē-tis

 

capi-ē-tis

 

audī-ē-tis

3pl

 

lauda-bu-nt 

 

mone-bu-nt 

 

ag-ē-nt

 

capi-e-nt

 

audi-e-nt

 

Imperfect Active Indicative (1st Principle Part) (I was praising/ I kept praising / I used to praising/ I praised)
 

1st (laudō)

 

2nd (moneō)

 

3rd (agō)

 

3.5 (capiō)

 

4th (audiō)

1s

 

laudā-ba-m

 

monē-ba-m

 

ag-ē-bam

 

capi-ē-bam

 

audi-ē-bam

2s

 

laudā-bā-s

 

monē-bā-s

 

ag-ē-bā-s

 

capi-ē-bā-s

 

audī-ē-bā-s

3s

 

lauda-bā-t

 

mone-bā-t

 

ag-e-ba-t

 

capi-e-ba-t

 

audi-e-ba-t

1pl

 

laudā-bā-mus

 

monē-bā-mus

 

ag-ē-bā-mus

 

capi-ē-bā-mus

 

audī-ē-bā-mus

2pl

 

laudā-bā-tis

 

monē-bā-tis

 

ag-ē-bā-tis

 

capi-ē-bā-tis

 

audī-ē-bā-tis

3pl

 

lauda-ba-nt 

 

mone-ba-nt 

 

ag-ē-ba-nt

 

capi-e-ba-nt

 

audi-e-ba-nt

 


 

2. Perfect Active System

Perfect Active Indicative  (3rd Principle Part)  (I praised/ I have praised)

1st (laudāvī)

 

2nd (monuī)

 

3rd (ēgī)

 

3.5 (cēpī)

 

4th (audīvī)

1s

 

laudāv-ī

 

monu-ī

 

ēg-ī

 

cēp-ī

 

audīv-ī

2s

 

laudāv-istī

 

monu-istī

 

ēg-istī

 

cēp-istī

 

audīv-istī

3s

 

laudāv-it

 

monu-it

 

ēg-it

 

cēp-it

 

audīv-it

1pl

 

laudāv-imus

 

monu-imus

 

ēg-imus

 

cēp-imus

 

audīv-imus

2pl

 

laudāv-istis

 

monu-istis

 

ēg-istis

 

cēp-istis

 

audīv-istis

3pl

 

laudāv-erunt 

 

monu-erunt 

 

ēg-erunt 

 

cēp-erunt 

 

audīv-erunt 

 

Future Perfect Active Indicative  (3rd Principle Part)  (I will have praised)

1st (laudāvī)

 

2nd (monuī)

 

3rd (ēgī)

 

3.5 (cēpī)

 

4th (audīvī)

1s

 

laudāv-erō

 

monu-erō

 

ēg-erō

 

cēp-erō

 

audīv-erō

2s

 

laudāv-eris

 

monu-eris

 

ēg-eris

 

cēp-eris

 

audīv-eris

3s

 

laudāv-erit

 

monu-erit

 

ēg-erit

 

cēp-erit

 

audīv-erit

1pl

 

laudāv-erimus

 

monu-erimus

 

ēg-erimus

 

cēp-erimus

 

audīv-erimus

2pl

 

laudāv-eritis

 

monu-eritis

 

ēg-eritis

 

cēp-eritis

 

audīv-eritis

3pl

 

laudāv-erint 

 

monu-erint 

 

ēg-erint 

 

cēp-erint 

 

audīv-erint 

 

Pluperfect Active Indicative  (3rd Principle Part)  (I had praised)

1st (laudāvī)

 

2nd (monuī)

 

3rd (ēgī)

 

3.5 (cēpī)

 

4th (audīvī)

1s

 

laudāv-eram

 

monu-eram

 

ēg-eram

 

cēp-eram

 

audīv-eram

2s

 

laudāv-erās

 

monu-erās

 

ēg-erās

 

cēp-erās

 

audīv-erās

3s

 

laudāv-erat

 

monu-erat

 

ēg-erat

 

cēp-erat

 

audīv-erat

1pl

 

laudāv-erāmus

 

monu-erāmus

 

ēg-erāmus

 

cēp-erāmus

 

audīv-erāmus

2pl

 

laudāv-erātis

 

monu-erātis

 

ēg-erātis

 

cēp-erātis

 

audīv-erātis

3pl

 

laudāv-erant 

 

monu-erant 

 

ēg-erant 

 

cēp-erant 

 

audīv-erant 

 


 

3. Passive System

Present Passive Indicative  (1st Principle Part)  (I am praised/ I am being praised)

1st (laudō)

 

2nd (moneō)

 

3rd (agō)

 

3.5 (capiō)

 

4th (audiō)

1s

 

laud -or

 

mone-or

 

ag-or

 

capi-or

 

audi-or

2s

 

laudā-ris

 

monē-ris

 

ag-e-ris

 

cape-ris

 

audī-ris

3s

 

laudā-tur

 

monē-tur

 

ag-i-tur

 

capi-tur

 

audi-tur

1pl

 

laudā-mur

 

monē-mur

 

ag-i-mur

 

capi-mur

 

audī-mur

2pl

 

laudā-minī

 

monē-minī

 

ag-i-minī

 

capi-minī

 

audī-minī

3pl

 

lauda-ntur   

 

mone-ntur 

 

ag-u-ntur

 

capi-untur

 

audi-untur

 

Future Passive Indicative  (1st Principle Part)  (I shall/will be praised)

1st (laudō)

 

2nd (moneō)

 

3rd (agō)

 

3.5 (capiō)

 

4th (audiō)

1s

 

laudā-b -or

 

monē-b -or

 

ag---ar *

 

capi-ar *

 

audi-ar *

2s

 

laudā-be-ris

 

monē-be-ris

 

ag-ē-ris

 

capi-ē-ris

 

audī-ē-ris

3s

 

laudā-bi-tur

 

monē-bi-tur

 

ag-ē-tur

 

capi-e-tur

 

audi-e-tur

1pl

 

laudā-bi-mur

 

monē-bi-mur

 

ag-ē-mur

 

capi-ē-mur

 

audī-ē-mur

2pl

 

laudā-bi-minī

 

monē-bi-minī

 

ag-ē-minī

 

capi-ē-minī

 

audī-ē-minī

3pl

 

laudā-bu-ntur  

 

monē-bu-ntur 

 

ag-e-ntur

 

capi-e-ntur

 

audi-e-ntur

 

Imperfect Passive Indicative  (1st Principle Part)  (I used to be praised/ I was praised)

1st (laudō)

 

2nd (moneō)

 

3rd (agō)

 

3.5 (capiō)

 

4th (audiō)

1s

 

laudā-ba-r

 

monē-ba-r

 

ag-ē-ba-r

 

capi-ē-ba-r

 

audi-ē-ba-r

2s

 

laudā-bā-ris

 

monē-bā-ris

 

ag-ē-bā-ris

 

capi-ē-bā-ris

 

audī-ē-bā-ris

3s

 

laudā-bā-tur

 

monē-bā-tur

 

ag-ē-bā-tur

 

capi-ē-bā-tur

 

audi-ē-bā-tur

1pl

 

laudā-bā-mur

 

monē-bā-mur

 

ag-ē-bā-mur

 

capi-ē-bā-mur

 

audī-ē-bā-mur

2pl

 

laudā-bā-minī

 

monē-bā-minī

 

ag-ē-bā-minī

 

capi-ē-bā-minī

 

audī-ē-bā-minī

3pl

 

laudā-ba-ntur  

 

monē-ba-ntur 

 

ag-ē-ba-ntur

 

capi-ē-ba-ntur

 

audi-ē-ba-ntur

 

Perfect Passive System (4th Principle Part: laudātum / monitum / actum / captum / audītum)

Perfect Passive Indicative*

 

Future Perfect Passive Indicative*

 

Pluperfect Passive Indicative*

I was/have been praised

I shall/will have been praised

I had been praised

1s

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  sum

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erō

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  eram

2s

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  es

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  eris

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erās

3s

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  est

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erit

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erat

1pl

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  sumus

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erimus

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erāmus

2pl

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  estis

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  eritis

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erātis

3pl

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  sunt

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  eunt

 

laudāt-us,-a,-um  erant

                *2nd, 3rd, 4th Conjugation皆依循1st Conj.詞尾變化的pattern, 所以在此只列出1st Conj.pattern

 

 

4. Infinitive System

Infinitive System (2st Principle Part)  (To praise)

Present Active Infinitive

 

laudāre

 

monēre

 

agere

 

capere

 

audīre

Present Passive Infinitive

 

laudār-ī

 

monēr-ī

 

ag

 

cap

 

audīr-ī

 

 


5. Imperative System

Imperative System (2st Principle Part)  (Praise !)

Present Active Imperative

2/s

 

laudā

 

monē

 

age

 

cape

 

audī

 

2/pl

 

laudā-te

 

monē-te

 

agi-te

 

capi-te

 

audī-te

 

 


6. Participle System

 

Present Active Participle

 

agē-ns, age-ntis

 

1st Principle Part,3類形容詞2種類別ending

 

leading

 

laudā-ns / monē-ns / agē-ns / capie-ns */ audīe-ns

Perfect Passive Participle

 

āct-us, -a, -um

 

4th Principle Part,1/2類形容詞pattern

 

having been led

 

laudāt-um / monit-um / act-um / capt-um / audīt-um

Future Active Participle

 

āct-ur-us, -a, um

 

4th Principle Part,1/2類形容詞pattern

 

about to lead

 

laudāt-ur-um / monit-ur-um / act-ur-um / capt-ur-um / audīt-ur-um

Future Passive Participle

 

age-ndus, -nda,-ndum

 

1st Principle Part,1/2類形容詞pattern

 

about to be led

 

laudā-nd-us / monē-nd-us / agē-nd-us / capie-nd-us / audīe-nd-us

         照文法規則,原本capereaudīre Present Active Participle應為cape-ns / audī-ns;
           但為了
(1)區分該字為–io結尾的動詞,(2)避免有-ins的發音,所以改變為capie-ns / audīe-ns (各多加上了-i-e )

 

 

Ablative Absolute Participle

 

Ablative名詞 + Ablative case Participle

獨立片語運作,不修飾主要子句中的字詞,因此其gender/number/case不須與主要子句中的字詞一致

 

Rōmā vīsā, vīrī gaudēbant = (With) Rome having been seen, the men rejoiced.

Future Passive Participle

 

Future Passive Participle + Be動詞(sum/ero/ram)

多用為表達必要或強制語氣,翻譯時用has to be/had to be/should be/will have to be (若有agent,要用dative case, 而非ablative)

 

Hic liber mihi (而不是me) legendus erit = this book will have to be read by me

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
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by 魏連嶽