拉丁文代名詞

Demonstrative Pronoun

Personal Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun

Intensive Pronoun

「The same」

Reflexive Possessive Pronoun

Relative Pronoun

Interrogative Pronoun

古拉丁文

Basic Vocabulary and Pattern – Pronoun

Demonstrative Pronoun (用 ille 的詞尾變化 pattern)

ille, illa, illud	that, the former, the famous
illi, illae, illa	those
hic, haec, hoc	this, the latter
hi, hae, haec	these
iste, ista, istud	that, that of yours, such
isti, istae, ista	those, those of yours, such
is, ea, id	he/she/it/ this/that man/woman/thing
eī (iī), eae, ea	they, these/those men/women/things
ī-dem, ea-dem, i-dem	the same man/woman/thing
eī-dem,eae-dem,ea-dem	the same men/women/things

Personal Pronoun

1s	ego	meī	mihi	mē	mē	I	of me	to/for me		me	by/with/from me
2s	tū	tuī	tibi	tē	tē	you	of you	to/for you		you	by/with/from you
1pl	nōs	nostrum/nostri	nōbis	nōs	nōbīs	we	of us	to/for us		us	by/with/from us
2pl	vōs	vēstrum/vestri	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	you	of you	to/for you		you	by/with/from you
3s/m	is	eius	eī	eum	eō	he, this/that man			his	to/for him / (後面省略)
3s/f	ea	eius	eī	eam	eā	she, this/that woman			her	to/for her / (後面省略)
3s/n	id	eius	eī	id	eō	it, this/that thing			its	to/for it / (後面省略)
3pl/m	eī (iī)	eōrum	eīs	eōs	eīs	they, these/those men			their	to/for them / (後面省略)
3pl/f	eae	eārum	eas	eās	eīs	these/those women			their	to/for them / (後面省略)
3pl/n	ea	eōrum	eīs	ea	eīs	these/those things			their	to/for them / (後面省略)

Reflexive Pronoun

1s	---	meī *	mihi	mē	mē	---	of myself	to/for myself	myself	by/with/from myself
2s	---	tuī *	tibi	tē	tē	---	of yourself	to/for yourself	yourself	by/with/from yours-
1pl	---	nostri *	nōbis	nōs	nōbīs	---	of ourselves	to/for us	ourselves	by/with/from oursel-
2pl	---	vestri *	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	---	of yourselves	to/for yourselves	yourselves	by/with/from yours--
3s	---	suī **	sibi	sē	sē	---	of himself / herself / itself / (後面省略)
3pl	---	suī **	sibi	sē	sē	---	of themselves (後面省略)

*「反身代名詞」第1,2人稱字形與「人稱代名詞」第1,2人稱字形相同, 須由 context 判斷是指何者

** 第三人稱單、複數字形相同, 須由 context 判斷是「單數」或「複數」

Intensive Pronoun (用 ille 的詞尾變化 pattern)

s/m	ips-e	ips-īus	ips-ī	ips-sum	ips-ō	myself, yourself, himself (指涉對象為s/m)
s/f	ips-a	ips-īus	ips-ī	ips-sam	ips-ā	myself, yourself, herself (指涉對象為s/f)
s/n	ips-um	ips-īus	ips-ī	ips-sum	ips-ō	myself, yourself, itself (指涉對象為s/n)
pl/m	ips-ī	ips-ōrum	ips-īs	ips-ōs	ips-īs	themselves (指涉對象為pl/m)
pl/f	ips-ae	ips-ārum	ips-īs	ips-ās	ips-īs	themselves (指涉對象為pl/f)
pl/n	ips-a	ips-ōrum	ips-īs	ips-a	ips-īs	themselves (指涉對象為pl/n)

Demonstrative Pronoun 「The same」 (用第三人稱代名詞「is, ea, id」當字首 +「-dem」做 Ending)

3s/m	ī-dem	eius-dem	eī-dem	eun-dem *	eō-dem	the same man
3s/f	ea-dem	eius-dem	eī-dem	ean-dem	eā-dem	the same woman
3s/n	i-dem	eius-dem	eī-dem	i-dem	eō-dem	the same thing
3pl/m	eī-dem	eōrun-dem *	eīs-dem	eōs-dem	eīs-dem	the same men
3pl/f	eae-dem	eārun-dem	eas-dem	eās-dem	eas-dem	the same women
3pl/n	ea-dem	eōrun-dem	eīs-dem	ea-dem	eīs-dem	the same things

* 原本 s/Acc 的「-um」與 pl/Gen 的「-rum」結尾,因為後面還有字,原本「m」要轉變為「n」

Possessive Pronominal Adjectives
1s	meus, mea, meum			my
2s	tuua, tua, tum			your (S.)
1pl	noster, nostra, nostrum			our
2pl	vester, verstra, vertrum			your (Pl.)
3pl	eius, eius, eius			his, her, its
3pl	eōrum, eārum, eōrum			their
Reflexive Possessive Pronoun
1s	meus, mea, meum *		my (own) (與所有格同字)
2s	tuua, tua, tum *		your (own) (與所有格同字)
1pl	noster, nostra, nostrum *		our (own) (與所有格同字)
2pl	vester, verstra, vertrum *		your (own) (與所有格同字)
3s/m	suus, -ī	his, her, its, their (own) + 單數陽性 **
3s/f	sua, -ae	his, her, its, their (own) + 單數陰性
3s/n	suum, -ī	his, her, its, their (own) + 單數中性
3pl/m	sui, -ōrum	his, her, its, their (own) + 複數陽性
3pl/f	suae, -ārum	his, her, its, their (own) + 複數陰性
3pl/n	sua, -ōrum	his, her, its, their (own) + 複數中性

*「反身所有格」第1,2人稱字形與「所有格」第1,2人稱字形相同, 須由context判斷是指何者

**「反身所有格」第三人稱乃是當Adj用,因此其 Gender, Number, Case需與其所修飾的詞一致。但在翻譯時, 須從句子主詞來判斷要用his, her, its, or their (own)，因翻譯成英文時是要與所反映的主詞一致 (如: they are seeing their own father = suos fatrem vident,在拉丁句中因 suo要與 fatrem一致因而要用單數Acc.，但翻英文時,卻要將單數的suo翻成複數的their)

Relative Pronoun (quī / quae / quod) (用ille的詞尾變化pattern,但pl/Dav,Abl例外)

s/m	qū-i	cu-ius	cu-i	qu-em	qu-o	who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)
s/f	qu-ae	cu-ius	cu-i	qu-am	qu-a	who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)
s/n	qu-od	cu-ius	cu-i	qu-od	qu-o	which, what, that
pl/m	qū-i	qu-ōrum	qu-ibus *	qu-ōs	qu-ibus	who, whose (Gen.) to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)
pl/f	qu-ae	qu-ārum	qu-ibus	qu-ās	qu-ibus	who, whose (Gen.) to/by whom (Dat./Abl.)
pl/n	qu-ae	qu-ōrum	qu-ibus	qu-ōs	qu-ibus	which, what, that

* 關係代名詞 quī / quae / quod 的pl/Dav,Abl是qu-ibus, 而不是qu-is

Interrogative Pronoun (quīs / quid) (除s/Nom外,其餘皆與關係代名詞相同)

s/ m+f	qū-is	cu-ius	cu-i	qu-em	qu-o	who, whose, whom
s/ n	qu-id	cu-ius	cu-i	qu-od	qu-o	which, what, that
pl/m+f	qū-i	qu-ōrum	qu-ibus *	qu-ōs	qu-ibus	who, whose, whom
pl/ n	qu-ae	qu-ōrum	qu-ibus	qu-ōs	qu-ibus	which, what, that

疑問代名詞
quod	what
-ne	問句強調字
quandō	when
ubi	when, where

其他代名詞
quisque /quisdue	each one/person/thing
cuiuque (Gen.)	of each one/thing
cuique (Dat.)	to/for each one/thing

Pronoun 字彙整理

aliquis, alicuius, alicui, aliqum, aliquo

aliquī, aliqōrum, aliqibus, aliquōs, aliquibus

someone, somedoby (m/f同形)

some ones

aliquid, alicuius, alicui, aliqis, aliquo

aliqua, aliqōrum, aliqibus, aliqua, aliqibus

something

some things

ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē

I, my, me

hic, haec, hoc

hi, hae, haec

this, the latter

these

ī-dem, ea-dem, i-dem

eī-dem,eae-dem,ea-dem

the same man/woman/thing

the same men/women/things

ille, illa, illud

illi, illae, illa

that, the former, the famous

those

is, ea, id

eī/iī, eae, ea

he/she/it, this/that man/woman/thing

they, these/those men/women thing

iste, ista, istud

isti, istae, ista

that, that of yours, such

those, those of yours, such

ips-e, ips-a, ips-um (特別強調代名詞)

ips-ī, ips-ae, ips-a

myself, yourself, himself, itself (指涉對象為s/m,f,n)

themselves (指涉對象為pl/m, f, n)

----, meī, mihi, mē, mē (反身代名詞)

of myself, to/for myself, myself, by/with/from myself

nōs, nostrum/nostril, nōbis, nōs, nōbīs

we, our, us

qūi, quae, quod (關係代名詞)

qūi, quae, quae

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom, which, what, that

qūis, quid (疑問代名詞; m/f同形)

qūi, quae

who, whose (Gen.), to/by whom, which, what, that

quisquis, cuiscuis, cuicui, quemquem, quōquō

quīquī, quōrumquorum, quibusquibus, (省略)

(s) whoever

(pl) whoever

quidquid, cuiscuis, cuicui, quidquid, quōquō

quaequae, quōrumquorum, quibusquibus, (省略)

(s) whatever

(pl) whatever

----, suī, sibi, sē, sē (反身代名詞)

----, suī, sibi, sē, sē

(s) of himself / herself / itself / (後面省略)

(pl) of themselves (後面省略)

tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē

(s) you, your, you

vōs, vēstrum/vestry, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs

(pl) you, your, you

----, tuī, tibi, tē, tē (反身代名詞)

----, vēstrum/vestry, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs,

(s) of yourself, to/for yourself, by/with/from yourself

(pl) of yourselves, to/for yourselves, by/with yourselves

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by 魏連嶽